The animation shows the evolution of submesoscale fronts (a warm front between two cold fronts) simulated by LES model.

(a) Instantaneous buoyancy field, (b) surface buoyancy field, © horizontal velocity u, (d) vertical velocity w

The animation below shows the mixed layer baroclinic instability simulated by LES model.

(a) Instantaneous temperature field, (b) surface temperature, © vertical velocity at z=-1.8m, (d) vertical velocity w at z=-9.1m

Instantaneous vertical velocity